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The restriction of freedom appears to be the theme of Joe Raffaele's [sic] painting Hypodermic, Pigeon, Dog. The dog is being restrained from running and the bird is prevented from flying; the effect of the hypodermic needle is strongly implied by the two other fragmented elements of the composition.

Source: DMAC Bulletin, September - October 1971


Exhibition History"Joseph Raffael: The California Years, 1969 - 1978," organized by the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Mar. 27 - Apr. 30, 1978

"Art of the 60's," Selections from the Collection of Hanford Yang, Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, Sept. 29 - Dec. 22, 1968
Published ReferencesDMAC Bulletin, Sept. - Oct. 1971, ill.

"Art of the 60's," Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, 1968, exh. cat. no.80

DES MOINES ART CENTER: SELECTED PAINTINGS, SCULPTURES AND WORKS ON PAPER, Des Moines Art Center, 1985, ref. pp.177 & 178
DimensionsOverall: 50 × 72 in. (127 × 182.9 cm)
Accession Number 1970.41
Classificationspainting
SignedRaffaele 1965 (verso c,l)
ProvenanceArtist. (Stable Gallery, New York). Hanford Yang, New York [acquired by 1968]; Des Moines Art Center [gift of the previous, 1970]
Hypodermic, Pigeon, Dog
Photo Credit: Rich Sanders, Des Moines
Photo Credit: Rich Sanders, Des Moines
Photo Credit: Rich Sanders, Des Moines
Joseph Raffael
1978
Photo Credit: Rich Sanders, Des Moines
Joseph Raffael
1978
Photo Credit: Rich Sanders, Des Moines
Lyonel Feininger
1951
Photo Credit: Rich Sanders, Des Moines
Alex Brown
2003
Photo Credit: Rich Sanders, Des Moines
George Bellows
1920
Photo Credit: Rich Sanders, Des Moines
Sam Francis
1957
Photo Credit: Rich Sanders, Des Moines
Richard Pettibone
1965
Photo Credit: Rich Sanders, Des Moines
Karl Mattern
1936